Poetry Analysis of the poem “I, Too” by Langston Hughes Essay

The poem I, Too, written by Langston Hughes, uses excellent language, vivid imagery and strong sounds to express the poet’s feelings towards racism. I, Too is an anti-discrimination poem, which shows the injustice of racism. The poem is very effective because of its genuine emotions. The poem is situated in America and describes a black man’s personal experience with racial discrimination. He is treated as if he is an embarrassment to the white people, and made to feel inferior to them. The poet is trying to show how America â€Å"covers up† her racial discrimination â€Å"problems.† He also wants to convey the importance of racial equality. He wants the reader to understand that this is not just a personal experience, but a voice of his people. The tone changes throughout the poem. In the first line, the tone is patriotic. The line, â€Å"I, too, sing America,† indicates the national anthem, and symbolizes unity throughout the nation. In the next stanza, the tone is of anger and strength. The man is enraged at how he is treated, but he knows he is strong enough to fight back. This is shown in the line, â€Å"But I laugh,/ and eat well,/ And grow strong.† The following stanza’s tone is of warning and caution. The man warns the people, that he will become powerful, and that no one will dare to harm him in the future. Then in the next stanza, the tone changes once again. The man is much calmer and speaks proudly that one day â€Å"they’ll see how beautiful I am/ And be ashamed.† In the last line, the tone is once again patriotic. The poem’s structure is irregular. The poem begins and ends with single lines. In between there are 3 stanzas, all of which have different number of lines-6, 7 and 3. The purpose for the irregular structure is to create an effect of unequalness, symbolizing the discrimination he is receiving. The poem’s use of simple language helps to clearly define what the poet wants to express. The saying that â€Å"strong people don’t waste words,† is shown here, as the poem is short and to the point. It could also reflect the uneducated class, or the clarity and simplicity of their just complaint. The  poem is also made more effective by using words with deeper meanings. For example, the word, â€Å"brother,† means family and symbolizes equality and acceptance. Another example, â€Å"sit at the table,† has its literal meaning, and also a second meaning, indicating politics and being involved in making decisions. The fact that the poem is short and simple but can express so much meaning shows how the diction of this poem adds to its effectiveness. Likewise, the use of imagery in this poem adds to the poem’s effectiveness. The poet uses a lot of domestic images. The reader can picture the large house of a wealthy family, the kitchen- the servant’s quarters- and the dining room. The poem also contains a few metaphors and symbols. Metaphors and symbols are used because they say what we want to say, more vividly and forcefully. In the line, â€Å"I am the darker brother,† the person is comparing himself to a family member. It is clear that he is not part of his employer’s family, but here the word â€Å"brother† symbolizes equality and acceptance into a society. An example of symbolism used in this poem is seen in the line, â€Å"They send me to eat in the kitchen when company comes.† It has two meanings. The literal meaning means the employers send him away when guests arrive. The other meaning means America trying to conceal her racial â€Å"problems† to show the world a different image of the country. Another example is â€Å"I’ll sit at the table.† The literal meaning just means to sit at a table, but it also symbolizes being in charge and making decisions. These comparisons and symbols illustrate the point so well that they increase the effectiveness of the poem. The poem is of irregular rhythm as it is more effective this way. A steady rhythm would make the poem sound as if life was going along smoothly- not the effect the poet wanted. Instead, its irregular rhythm gives the poem a solemn feeling. This rhythm mirrors the uneasy and unsteady social relationship between blacks and whites in America. The poem contains a few examples of alliteration and repetition. The line â€Å"When company comes,† is an example of alliteration and repetition. The consonant â€Å"c† is repeated twice in the line, emphasizing the words, especially â€Å"company.† The alliteration and repetition of the line also  stresses the theme of the poem- that America is trying to conceal her racial â€Å"problems† and show the world a different picture. The poem â€Å"I, Too,† is a poem about discrimination. Through the unjust actions done to the man, the reader is shown how unequal privilege and decision making power is in American society. However, also through the man’s strength and bravery, the reader can see hope in the world- hope that one day, all people will be equal. The poet’s use of great imagery and sound helped to make this poem an effective anti-discrimination poem.

Leg discussion week

Bids Competitive Proposals Combination of Competitive Procedures when sealed bidding is not appropriate Other Competitive Procedures such as: Selection of sources for Architect-Engineer contracts in accordance with the provisions of 40 U. S. C. 102 Competitive selection of basic and applied research and that part of development not related to the development of a specific system or hardware procurement resulting from a broad agency announcement or peer or cientific review o Use of multiple award schedules issued by the Administrator of General Services. Determine how government procurement officers can balance getting a good price with getting an effective result – in other words, best value. Contracting officers need to get a great product for a great price.Best value is not always the cheapest price, when you put your offer on the table you have to actually state best value first before the sending out the bid. Week 2 Discussion 2 â€Å"Specification Overload† Please respond to the following: Debate the challenges to government procurement officers in carrying out their Job of writing specifications for everything from translation services to fighter Jets – including the range of expertise that would be required to create specifications in line with FAR requirements.Agencies may select from existing requirements documents, modify or combine existing requirements documents, or create new procedure. 1. Documents mandated for use by law. 2. Performance-oriented documents. 3. Detailed design-oriented documents. 4. Standards, specification and related publications issued by the government utside the Defense or Federal series for the non-repetitive acquisition of items.The specifications may also include a desired contract award date and delivery date, include recommended sources, provide shipping, marking, and packaging information, any other pertinent information such as special terms and condition desired or required by the contract. The deg ree of information and detail usually reflect the dollar value of the procurement and the nature of the effort. Outsourcing contracts involves the assignment of certain rights and responsibilities over a public ervice to a private firm in exchange for some investment (i. . , time or money. ) Proscribe a method of how full and open competition requirements can be maintained in the outsourcing process. In law 10 U. S. C. A 2688 a government agency will convey utility system ownership to a private entity that will be responsible for the operation, maintenance and capitalization of the infrastructure for a prescribed period and for the provision of sage a reliable utility services to the government in exchange for reasonable compensations.

Final Paper Outline Essay

Dr. White ordered an unusual dose of a medication for a patient. May Patterson, RN, sees the order and believes it to be the wrong dose. She is afraid to call Dr. White because he can be abrasive at times. Nurse Patterson asks the charge nurse who is not as familiar with the patient to call the doctor. The charge nurse calls Dr. White. He insists that he knows what is best for the patient and insists that the medication will be given as written. The charge nurse calls you, the administrator on call for the weekend, to resolve the issue. 1. What principles of effective teamwork have broken down? 2. How will you work to resolve the issue? 3. List and describe five potential strategies for conflict resolution within this team. a. What types of information will you need to collect to have an intelligent conversation with this physician? b. Who should be involved in this situation, and the discussion with Dr. White, and why? 4. Which conflict resolution strategy is likely to be most successful? The principles of effective teamwork have been broken down when there was a fear of communication. Being that this case was due to someone’s health, Nurse Patterson should have put her fear of communicating with an abusive man aside and focused more on the patient’s health. It was however good that she at least brought someone else into the situation instead of just putting it all aside and submitting the prescription knowing the possible dangers. I as an on call administrator would resolve the issue by looking into the patient’s medical history and find out what the symptoms are and if that prescription is ri ght in order to treat their diagnosis. I would then call Dr. White to confirm why this certain medication was needed. Bargaining is one of the five potential strategies for conflict resolution. If you can get a team to bargain together you are getting them to come together once then next time a situation arises, the favor can be returned. Problem solving is getting the team to work through a situation and come to an agreement. Voting can be a bit difficult because one may not always agree with the other and a solution may not be reached. Researching can take up too much time and may delay a problem being solved longer than need be. Having a third party involved is always a plus because they can hear both sides of a dilemma and give their side as well and get a solution. The information needed to be collected in order to have an intelligent conversation with Dr. White would be to gather as much information about the patient, the patients history as well as the past history of the Doctor and how he communicates with others that way I would be able to know how to approach the situation and how to come to a conclusion without there being any conflict. The only ones needing to be involved is Dr. White, Nurse Patterson and the charge nurse. In this situation I don’t feel it would need to go any further than the administrator unless I felt there was potential harm or ill intent on the staff’s part. The conflict resolution strategy I feel would work the best is problem solving. With this strategy you are able to look at both the pros and the cons of this situation and it would make it easier to make a decision as to what is the best thing that needs to be done in order to treat the patient. Discussion 2 Human resources are an integral part of health care operations to recruit and retain high quality, and often highly specialized employees. 1. Describe why human resources management is comprised of strategic and administrative actions, providing examples of each. 2. Outline specific activities that encompass the strategic and administrative responsibilities of the human resources department. 3. If you were employed as an administrator in a small physician group without a human resources department, how would you carry out the strategic and administrative responsibilities required? Strategic actions has a main role in participating in business strategies rather than supporting administration. Research is done on its own in order to come up with a solution in order to have effective advice. It maps out specific strategies for achieving results for the organization. On the administrative side they are more focused on providing advice, guidance, strategies and services to management and staff. As well as what is best for the health company when it comes to hiring and recruiting the right kind people to do the job to the best of their ability. The roles of strategic planning is the process of planning, having a vision, its mission, values, suppliers and customers, acknowledging bumps and roadblocks, figuring out the goals and objectives, spreading the word, keeping track, assessing and following up on the process. Administrative responsibilities include the hiring process and orientation, approval for health care vacancies, advertising the position, preparing for the interviews and making selections. As an administrator I would designate certain people to carry out the job of what is required of both strategic and administrative responsibilities in order to keep the business meeting its required standards of staffing.

Causes and Effects of the Holocaust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Causes and Effects of the Holocaust - Essay Example Nazi policies concerning the origin of Germans from Aryans contributed profoundly to the massacre during the Holocaust. However, this was considered a misguided notion although Germans continued to insist on its significance leading to killings, not just for the Jews, but also for other minority communities within the region.The augment in popularity for Zionism in the 19th century led to the demonstration of fundamentalism and selectiveness for the Jewish community triggering hatred and prejudices against the Jews. Therefore, Hitler and his associates deliberated on terminating the community’s prosperity in all fields through the Holocaust.Many Jews remained homeless since the Nazis had brought their homes down leading to the creation of camps that held them until they immigrated to Israel. Therefore, the suffering that the Jews endured had not ended due to the effects the events that transpired held for the community. The Holocaust brought psychological traumas to the remnan ts since they observed their relatives’ suffering and even death in the wake of the Holocaust. In addition, many remnants experienced physical harms ascribed to constant harassment and beating by the Nazis who considered them inferior. The occurrence of the Holocaust made the superpowers take measures concerning the prevention of a similar occurrence in the prospect through control and supervision. The Holocaust made other nations around the globe to allow Jews to return to Israel in order to keep them safe from similar occurrences.

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Research Paper Example Health care reform is considered to be an important responsibility of any government. In simple terms, health care reform refers to the reform in the health care system and/or in some parts of this system. This paper is developed to serve the purpose of providing a clear review of the literatures that are available with respect to the Health Care Reform in U.S. In the process of doing so, the paper includes a brief history of health care system and reforms in the context of US. Furthermore, it also contains the present situation of health care reform in the country. It is important to review the literature regarding US health care system before reviewing the literature regarding US health care reform. Significant volume of literature can be found related to US health care system. Steven Jonas, Karen Goldsteen and Raymond Goldsteen in their â€Å"An introduction to US Health Care System† have opined that the health care system in US is very similar to the systems of the other nations where ‘allopathic medical model’ is mainly followed (Jonas, Goldsteen & Goldsteen, 2007). However, it has several features that are unique in nature when compared to the health care systems of other countries. While providing a brief overview of the Unites States health care system, Jonas and Goldsteens have said that an important aspect of the US health care system is that it is significantly fragmented and decentralized (Jonas, Goldsteen & Goldsteen, 2007). Its main function and role are significantly focused on the production of outcomes. It r emarkably emphasizes on the profits and power of the service providers. In US, health care is provided but it does not come at a low cost. High end education and researches that are related to health care are provided and funded. Surely there are loci of control and power. In the US as such there is no central Ministry of Health. The system allows

Business plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Business plan - Assignment Example This makes the incoming businesses have a competition disadvantage within the industry. In spite of the fact that completion increase cause adverse effects to existing businesses, it is also helpful as it will help Good health fitness center become more efficient and thus provide quality services (Abrams, 2003). According to the Good Health Fitness Center, it is evident that the power of suppliers merely has an effect on the business. This is because the ways of transacting is service oriented. To offer a service in the fitness center, instructions get and the only material supply needed is readily available in its market. These supplies include things like weights, food and gym instructors (Cyr, 2007). The target market for Good Health Fitness Center mainly comprises of the middle aged and the old who want to reduce their weight. A case study of Canada would show that they make the largest share of the population. This means that, it is a threat to the business because of the large number. Baring in mind that this is the technology era, Good Health Fitness Center may face several other threats in the market. Substitutes for health fitness exist. However, the business will survive this threat by launching a campaign against the substitutes which include steroids and slimming pills. It is imperative to let the public and potential customers, of the impending danger, and side effects of using the substitutes. This way, the business will survive the threat (Abrams, 2003). Within the fitness industry in Canada, for example, there are many businesses with the same goal of having as many customers as possible. However, the intensity of rivalry does not seem too intense as customers can choose which programs best works for them from different centers (Abrams, 2003). Good health fitness center has various sources of competitive advantages. One of the sources would be by ensuring a well-equipped and developed marketing team. This forms a good competitive

Discuss the major factors behind the rise and decline of the Ancient Essay - 2

Discuss the major factors behind the rise and decline of the Ancient Egyptian Civilization - Essay Example Socialism played a pivotal role in the growth of the ancient Egyptian civilization. Karl Wittfogel, author of â€Å"Oriental Despotism† inferred that socialism laid the foundation for all primitive civilizations (Karenga 99). Socialism is an ideology, which advocates for public ownership in favor of privatization of a country’s economy. Ancient Egyptian civilization flourished under a centralized system of government charged with the responsibility of mobilizing the country’s resources. For example, the government oversaw the erection of permanent structures such as the pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx. In addition, Egypt’s strategic geographic location endorsed agriculture within the region, which translated into a reliable and stable source of food for its population. Ancient Egyptians capitalized on the flooded Nile River, which supplied water to sustain the irrigation of arable plains in the region. Under the government’s supervision, the h arvest was stored and controlled rations distributed to the population. Moreover, surplus harvest became a trade commodity boosting trade within the region. Growth was not limited to the economic sector only. The use of written words and symbols became a tool for the preservation of Egyptian culture whereby, scholars created permanent records of significant events. These served as reference points for future generations. Finally, the pharaohs (for example, Tuthmosis 1 and his grandson Tuthmosis III) secured the region’s borders by forming strategic alliances with their neighbors such as Assyria and Canaan (Hine et al 35). Historians remain divided regarding possible reasons, which contributed to sudden decline of the ancient Egyptian civilization. However, they all concur that the civilization collapsed during the end of the eighth dynasty after the long reign of Pepy II. It is estimated that Pepy II held the throne for ninety years. His sons were eager to rule in his stead

Advantages and Disadvantages of Wireless Networking Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Wireless Networking - Essay Example It uses technologies such as the Bluetooth as well as other unguided media such as satellite, radio and microwave transmissions among others (Tanenbaum, 2004). This essay is a critical evaluation of wireless networking, discussing both the advantages and disadvantages of this form of data information transmission. Developments in the Information technology sector have greatly enhanced the modes of doing business especially in time management and the timely delivery of results. For example, most of the companies and institutions have allowed their employees to telecommute. Telecommuting is the process through which an employee is allowed to work from his personal computer at any location be it home, vehicle etc without necessarily having to report to the office, where the company’s computers are located (Kurose, 2002). By doing so, assignments given to the employees can be completed during their own free time instead of having them work overtime thereby denying them the pleasure to be with their families, who require their presence at home as early as possible. After completing the assignments, an employee, having been allowed to access the company’s databases, can send them directly from his remote computer so that once the offices are opened, the information can be put into use without any delay. However, this may be difficult or impossible without the wireless connectivity, which facilitates remote transmission of data from one computer to the other (Smith, 2003). There is also the technology of video conferencing and VOIP, which facilitates meetings for example by the board of directors who do not have to meet physically thereby minimizing the cost of travelling or accommodation. However, this mode of communication can incorporate both wireless and wire networks. This is from the perspective that the board members may be connected to the internet by wire or wireless networks but for them to communicate

Commercial Law Dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Commercial Law Dissertation - Essay Example ea of regulation that administers different types of possession (ownership) in real property and in personal possessions surrounded by the common law structure. In the civil regulation scheme, there is a separation among variable (movable) and immovable goods. Movable goods approximately correspond to personal goods, at the same time as immovable goods are real estate or real property, and the connected rights and duties thereon. Commercial law is the body of rule that oversees trade and operations. It is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals both with issues of private law and public law. Commercial law regulates corporate contracts, hiring practices, and the manufacture and sale of consumer goods. There is also a vast difference between in the rights of ownership and possession in English commercial law. The law and regulation, associated to rights of ownership, will not provide any preference to any exact type of property rights. Right of possession is the authori ty to work out power or authority above the real possessions. A right to ownership can be formed by a variety of legal deals for example: deed, rent, life, estate, will etc. It is necessary to examine the differentiation among Property and Ownership, where goods are most precisely explained as the thing or object to be possessed, and possession is the act of owning, or association that the proprietor has with his belongings. There is also dissimilarity among "ownership", and "possession". Ownership is the condition of exclusive rights and power above the possessions which may be anything, soil or intellectual property. At the same time, right of possession means that somebody presently holds or possesses something. â€Å"There are various legal aspects to the ownership of a property in English law. We will try and cover them all in this section of the website. They include The research aim and methodology of the study is to help us understand the difference between the rights of

Lupus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lupus - Essay Example Although a great deal of research has been dedicated to understanding this disease, there is no cure, but there are a number of treatments, particularly, in the area of physical therapy that has shown to have beneficial results. In a normal functioning immune system the body produces proteins called antibodies that will fight against antigens like, viruses and bacteria. Again, Lupus is an autoimmune disease, the disease confuses the immune system and it becomes incapable of differentiating between invading antigens and healthy tissue and internal structures, which can lead to, dependent of the type of Lupus, a number of symptoms including inflammation in joints, swelling of the skin, and damage to organs, including kidneys, heart, and lungs (Crosta , 2013). There are a number of types of Lupus. Neonatal Lupus s a rare type of Lupus that specifically affects newborns. Drug-Induced Lupus is, also, relatively rare. Unlike other forms of Lupus, whose origins and causes cannot be easily determined, is directly caused due to a side-effect of certain medications. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus results specifically in skin sores in areas of skin exposed to sunlight. Discoid lupus erythematosus presents as a perpetual skin rash, however, it is systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE that is the most common and the most systemically damaging in that it affects multiple systems including joints, skin and internal organs. When people refer to Lupus it is this type that they are most often referring to (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, 2009). There is no singular cause or cure for this form of Lupus. Researchers do believe that because it appears often in families there is likelihood of a genetic component, otherwise they believe the condition can be triggered by environmental factors, sunlight, stress response, and, again, some medications (Eustice,

Physician Query Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physician Query - Essay Example HOSPITAL COURSE AND TREATMENT: The patient was admitted and started on Lovenox and nitroglycerin paste. The patient had serial cardiac enzymes and ruled out for myocardial infarction. The patient underwent a dual isotope stress test. There was no evidence of reversible ischemia on the Cardiolite scan. The patient has been ambulated. The patient had a Holter monitor placed but the report is not available at this time. The patient has remained hemodynamically stable. Will discharge. Please review the documentation in the patient medical record on the Discharge Summary (appended as Annexure II) to ensure coding compliance and accuracy. You are requested to address the query, include the missing information and return the query (duly dated and signed). The query form will become a part of the physician’s documentation in the patient’s medical record. INTERVENTIONS: A developmentally appropriate, group-oriented therapy program was the primary treatment modality. The attending psychiatrist provided evaluation for and management of psychotropic medications. The clinical therapist facilitated individual, group, and family therapy. COURSE IN HOSPITAL: The patient was in the hospital from 06/11/09 until 07/13/09. The most prominent symptoms and behaviors while the patient was here were the following: Perceptual disturbances, strange thoughts, he was suspicious at times, at some point he was complaining of audiovisual hallucinations. He was quiet showing a flat affect, irritable, anxious and depressed moods, tearful at times, homesick, limited interaction with peers. He was attending groups, however, was showing limited participation. He was superficial, not really working too much on her issues, more focused on how soon she was going to be discharged more than working on her issues. He stated "strange feelings and sensations". The patient has shown some improvement in general. However, he is not completely stable yet, and he

Speech Analysis Essay Example for Free

Speech Analysis Essay On October 10, 2013 I gave a speech to my classmates about the three most important steps in investigating a murder case. These are including separating witnesses, collecting evidence, and interviewing suspects. Watching the video of my speech, I observed many strengths and weaknesses: strengths including a lot of facts, an interesting topic, and talking at an average pace. Weaknesses that stuck out to me were my hands consistently being in my pockets and reading directly off my notecards. The first thing I thought I did well was including a lot of facts. This is important because it was an informative speech and the goal was to inform the audience of information about a topic they were not aware of. I feel as if adding information, that wasn’t necessarily told to the public, about JonBenet Ramsey’s case was a good decision on my part. For example, I incorporated that JonBenet’s father received a raise earlier that year of the same exact amount of money that was asked for in the ransom note. The second thing I thought I did well was picking an interesting topic. The subject of criminal justice is just exciting all around. From mysteries to solving crimes it is all enjoyable to learn about. Criminal justice and the JonBenet case was a good topic to choose because it kept the audience’s attention. When hearing about a mystery or an unsolved murder crime it is practically expected to stick around and listen to the end to see if it has been figured out if not people are left with a cliff hanger. The third strength would be talking at an average pace. If one talks too fast it’s hard to comprehend all the information that’s being thrown at you. Therefore maintaining a good pace helps to add onto time and to keep the audience’s responsiveness. Talking too slow can affect the outcome also though. There has to be a happy medium. Now that I have discussed strengths, I will now move onto weaknesses and how I can improve them in the future. During my speech I kept moving my hands in and out of my pockets. This is considered as a distracting mannerism and can affect the audience’s attention to my hands rather than what I am saying. I can improve this by keeping my hands to my side where they are out of the way and ignore my nervous habits. The final weakness I noticed was how often I looked at my notecards. It honestly just looks extremely weird looking up and down constantly. Memorization is key and I can improve this by practicing more often and in front of different people to get more comfortable with my words. I can’t just sit here and say I need to do this either, because it won’t change unless I continue to take action to make myself better. All in all I thought my speech went well over all. There are positives and negatives out of everything one does. In this case the strengths were a lot of facts, interesting topic, and talking at an average pace. The weaknesses were hands in my pockets and reading directly off my cards. Both of these weaknesses are completely capable of being changed. By the end of this semester I plan to have successfully given a speech without the little mistakes. All it takes is practice, motivation, and knowledge and quite frankly I feel as if I have all three!

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay IMMUNOLOGY PRATICAL ASSIGNMENT ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY mODULE NAME: Clinical immunology MODULE NUMBER: APS6004 MODULE LEADER: DR JULIA REY-NORES STUDENT NUMBER: 20031761 BSc (H) BMS 3 2014/2015 Introduction The history of immunoassay was developed by Roalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson in 1950 used the Radio-immunoassay (RIA) and they awarded in 1977 Nobel Prize because they developed RIA to detect and measure the level of glucose in the blood for diabetic patient. However, the technology was build up by replacing the radio-isotopes with enzymes to make colour generation that was in 1960. ]1, 2, 3[ More than 40 years, immunoassays use in different places, like laboratory medicine, hospitals and research to improve the health also for many purposes. In addition, immunoassay use in life science research to study the biology system by chase different, hormones, proteins and antibody. However, it use in industry to detect contaminants in food and water. Also, used as quality control to observe specific molecules used through product processing. ]1[ Nowadays, the immunochemistry technology develops assays to try eliminate as many dilution, mixing and measuring. Immunoassays are technique used to detect specific molecule. It’s rely on the ingrained ability of antibody that are bind to the specific structure of molecules. This techniques are quick and accurate it’s depend on the antibody and antigen that found in the blood and tissue fluids. ]1[ There are many type of immunoassays such as radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), fluorescent immunoassay (FIA), and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). ]3,5[ In this report file I will focus on ELISA this technique that I used in the laboratory during two weeks to detect the antibody and the antigen. There is different types of ELISA: Direct ELISA Indirect ELISA Sandwich ELISA Competitive ELISA [3] Direct ELISA This method technique depend on the antigen that coated in the surface of plate and the antibody of the patient and conjugated enzyme. ]5[ Figure 1 shows steps of direct ELISA The indirect ELISA The technique used the micro plate coated with antigen. The primary antibody added to react with the antigen that fixed to the plate. Then washed away. Added enzyme conjugated secondary antibody anti-isotope antibody which binds to the primary antibody. After that washed away and added the substrate enzyme to produce the reaction colour that determined the amount of the antibody. ]3,7[ Figure 2 show the steps of the indirect ELISA Sandwich ELISA Sandwich ELISA is the technique that used to detect the antibody or antigen that are present in the patient blood. This technique also called capture method because it detect level of antigen between two layers of antibodies. The antigen to be measure in the technique should contain at least two antigenic epitope capable of binding antibody. Sandwich ELISA has many advantages for example high specificity, flexibility and sensitivity. ]3,8[ Figure 3 shows the steps of sandwich ELISA The aim of practical: To achieve a grid experimental to detect the optimal detection and capture antibody titration, by using monoclonal mouse anti-rabbit IgG and polyclonal goat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies. To determine the concentration of unknown sample X and Y. Materials: Coating buffer: phosphate buffer saline (PBS) Wash buffer: 0.05% Tween 20 ®in PBS, pH 7.4 Diluent: PBS Blocking solution: 1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS Antigen : rabbit IgG Coating antibody: Mouse anti-rabbit IgG monoclonal antibody Detection antibody :Goat anti-rabbit IgG – peroxidase conjugated Colour reagent .tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) Stop solution (1M HCL) 96-well micro plate Adjustable micropipette Practical week 1 Methods: This step was done by the lab technician to make the 96-well plate coated with antigen ready to the students because it’s take long time. Figure 4 show the rabbit IgG antigen serial dilution by using 100 µl coating buffer Monoclonal and polyclonal antibody procedure in tables 1 and 2: Procedure of Monoclonal antibody Procedure of Polyclonal antibody Added 100 µl of diluents of buffer PBS from column 2-6 in the first plate Added 100 µl of buffer PBS from column 8-12 in the second half of the plate Added 200 µl of monoclonal mouse anti-rabbit IgG from A1well to H1 well Added 200 µl of goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP to column 7 transferred 100 µl by doing serial dilution mixed well from column 1 to columns 2 ,3,4,5,6 then discard 100 µl from well 6 Transferred 100 µl by doing serial dilution from column 7 to columns 8,9,10,11,12 then 100 µl discard from colum12 (mixed well) Covered the plate and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. Covered the plate and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. Washed the plate three times with wash buffer Washed the plate three times with wash buffer Table 1 The final steps 100 µl of goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP was added to columns 1 to 6 200 µl of goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP was added to columns 7 to 12 The plate was covered and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes The plate was washed three times with the washing buffer 100 µl of substrate (TMP) was added to all the columns from 1-12 and incubated at room temperature and the plate was observed to check the change of colour to blue colour. After the colour become blue 50 µl of stop reaction 1 M HCL was added to all wells The colour will change to yellow The result was read by spectrophotometer Table 2 Figure 7 shows steps Week one: result Graph 1 shows the results of mouse anti-rabbit IgG monoclonal antibody titration in different dilution Result Graph 2 shows results of goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP labelled antibody in different dilution Practical week 2 Method: Step done by lab technician coated 20 wells overnight with 100 µl/well of the capture antibody (monoclonal mouse anti-rabbit IgG ) and kept ready for use.( sandwich ELISA) Added 200 µl of rabbit IgG to well A1 and A2 Added 100 µl of PBS diluents to wells from B to H in column 1and 2 From A1, 100 µl rabbit IgG was taken and added to B1 then serial dilution take place up to G1 then 100 µl was discarded from G1 100 µl of rabbit IgG was taken from A2 and added to B2 then continued the serial dilution up to G2 then 100 µl from G2 discarded Well H1 and H2 was used as blank Added 100 µl of unknown sample X to wells (A3 and A4) Added 100 µl of unknown sample Y to wells (B3 and B4) Incubated the plate for 30 minutes at room temperature Washed the plate 3 times with washing buffer PBS Added 100 µl of goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP labelled to all 20 wells Incubated the plate for 30 minutes at room temperature Washed the plate 3 times with Buffer BPS Added 100 µl TMB substrate to all 20 wells Incubated the plate and protected from the light until colour develops Added 50 µl stop reaction with (1 M HCL acid) Read absorbance at 450 nm by spectrophotometer The result: Graph 3 shows standard calibration curve of rabbit IgG Graph 4 shows the equation log of concentration rabbit IgG Calculation of samples Table 3 shows the calculation to found the concentration of samples X and Y Discussion From the result that shows in graph one there are six curves of the monoclonal mouse anti-rabbit IgG with different serious dilutions(1:2000, 1:4000, 1:8000, 1:16000, 1:32000, 1:64000). From my result, the dilution 1:2000 is increase fast and it consumption more antibodies which is not recommended. The best dilution is 1:4000 because it gradually increase with less antibodies and this dilution can detect the lowest concentration of antigen and also can be used for more numbers of samples. However, the dilution 1:8000 it increase but is less than dilution 1:4000 it need more antibody, while the dilutions (1:16000, 1:32000, 1:64000) need more antibodies and not detect antigen in low concentration. The graph 2 shows the result of polyclonal antibody and the graph has sex different curves with different serious dilutions ((1:2000, 1:4000, 1:8000, 1:16000, 1:32000, 1:64000) the first dilution 1:2000 increase sharp until concentration of 1000, then decrease slowly up concentration of 2000 so this dilution not recommended due to over opsonisation of antibodies. The second, dilution 1:4000 increased gradually and it need less antibody and can detect the lowest concentration of antigen so it is the optimum for the goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP labelled antibody. Third dilution 1:8000 is increase slow and require more antibody. The last three dilutions, 1:16000, 1:32000, and 1:64000 are not showing significant elevation when increase the concentration and cannot used because it not detect high absorbance of antigen. The graph 3 shows the calibration curve of the known concentration to determine the concentration of two unknown samples X and Y. the graph 4 shows the equation make by log concentration of calibration curve to calculated the concentration of unknown samples. During this practical I learned a lot of important things such as the best technique to choose the dilution of antibody and antigen detection. Also, to compare between the best antibody to detect antigen. There are many factors that affect the result of ELISA like the incubation time should be 1 hour but we reduced to 30 minutes and this not enough for the reaction take place between antibody and antigen, manual washing cause insufficient washing and mixed with other micro plate wells. The pipettes some time not working due to some problem of tips. Conclusion In conclusion, the optimum monoclonal Mouse anti-rabbit IgG antibody concentration is 1/4000, while the optimum polyclonal Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP labelled antibody concentration is 1/4000, and the concentration of unknown sample( X )is 287ng/ml and unknown of sample (Y) concentration is 41ng/ml. the ELISA is the best technique to detect the reaction between antibody and antigen. Reference 1-Avrameas, S. (2006). Historical Background of the Invention of EIA and ELISA. Clinical Chemistry, 52(7), pp.1430a-1431. 2Tulsidas G, S. (2002). HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY IN LIFE SCIENCES WITH REFERENCE TO IMMUNOASSAY IN MEDICINE. Health and Population, 3(25), pp.140-147. 3- Owen, J. et al. 2009. Immunology by Kuby. 7th ed. New York: W. H Freeman and Company. 4-Immunochemistry.com, (2014). Apoptosis, Caspases, Assay Development, ELISA Buffers, ELISA Detection. [online] Available at: http://www.immunochemistry.com [Accessed 26 Nov. 2014]. 5-Accelero-bioanalytics.com, (2014). Home Accelero ® Bioanalytics GmbH. [online] Available at: http://www.accelero-bioanalytics.com [Accessed 27 Nov. 2014] 6-Wieslab.com, (2014). Wieslab Laboratory Services Home. [online] Available at: http://www.wieslab.com [Accessed 27 Nov. 2014]. 7-Pharmatutor.org, (2014). Articles | PharmaTutor. [online] Available at: http://www.pharmatutor.org/articles [Accessed 27 Nov. 2014]. 8-Elisa-antibody.com, (2014). ELISA Antibody, protocol and troubleshooting. [online] Available at: http://www.elisa-antibody.com [Accessed 27 Nov. 2014]. Appendix Result week one practical 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2.1104 2.1292 1.9613 1.6637 1.3974 1.2574 3.2528 1.8449 0.9561 0.4939 0.2465 0.1338 1.8208 1.5499 1.4053 1.5323 1.0412 0.7042 3.4643 1.5967 0.8303 0.4028 0.2565 0.1613 1.4231 1.3054 0.5794 0.9972 0.8248 0.6163 2.8907 1.313 0.6298 0.3189 0.1761 0.1112 1.0608 0.9475 0.8302 0.6554 0.5236 0.3168 2.2198 1.065 0.5392 0.2867 0.1652 0.1013 0.7257 0.7008 0.6846 0.6725 0.5747 0.5967 1.6108 0.7602 0.6945 0.3432 0.1921 0.1128 0.513 0.4868 0.4624 0.3917 0.4104 0.3967 0.9931 0.5756 0.3218 0.17 0.1043 0.1606 0.3335 0.3444 0.3188 0.3414 0.3042 0.2611 0.6909 0.3377 0.1896 0.1087 0.0786 0.0585 0.0797 0.0856 0.0774 0.0677 0.0772 0.0886 0.1005 0.0566 0.0459 0.0473 0.0498 0.0589 Table 1 shows the result of the absorbance of monoclonal antibody and polyclonal antibody concentration 1/2000 1/4000 1/8000 1/16000 1/32000 1/64000 2000 2.0307 2.0436 1.8839 1.596 1.3202 1.1688 1000 1.7411 1.4643 1.3279 1.4646 0.964 0.6156 500 1.3434 1.2198 0.502 0.9295 0.7476 0.5277 250 0.9811 0.8619 0.7528 0.5877 0.4464 0.2282 125 0.646 0.6152 0.6072 0.6048 0.4975 0.5081 62 0.4333 0.4012 0.385 0.324 0.3332 0.3081 31 0.2538 0.2588 0.2414 0.2737 0.227 0.1725 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 2 the results of the absorbance of monoclonal antibody after subscription of the absorbance from blank concentration 1/2000 1/4000 1/8000 1/16000 1/32000 1/64000 2000 3.1523 1.7883 0.9102 0.4466 0.1967 0.0749 1000 3.3638 1.5401 0.7844 0.3555 0.2067 0.1024 500 2.7902 1.2564 0.5839 0.2716 0.1263 0.0523 250 2.1193 1.0084 0.4933 0.2394 0.1154 0.0424 125 1.5103 0.7036 0.6486 0.2959 0.1423 0.0539 62 0.8926 0.519 0.2759 0.1227 0.0545 0.1017 31 0.5904 0.2811 0.1437 0.0614 0.0288 -0.0004 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 3 shows the results of polyclonal antibody after subscription of blank Result of week 2 practical 1 2 3 4 A 0.6084 0.5426 0.4306 0.419 B 0.5699 0.4589 0.2425 0.2505 C 0.5602 0.4504 D 0.5085 0.4093 E 0.4238 0.3164 F 0.3004 0.2355 G 0.1997 0.1794 H 0.1242 0.1093 Table 4 shows the result of rabbit IgG absorbance and two unknown sample Concentration IgG (ng/ml) 1 2 mean mean- blank sample sample mean mean- blank 2000 0.6084 0.5426 0.5755 0.45875 X=0.4306 X=0.419 0.4248 0.308 1000 0.5699 0.4589 0.5144 0.39765 Y=0.2425 Y=0.2505 0.2465 0.1297 500 0.5602 0.4504 0.5053 0.38855 250 0.5085 0.4093 0.4589 0.34215 125 0.4238 0.3164 0.3701 0.25335 62 0.3004 0.2355 0.26795 0.1512 31 0.1997 0.1794 0.18955 0.0728 0 0.1242 0.1093 0.11675 0 Table 5 shows the steps of rabbit IgG and two unknown sample, mean then subscription of blank to make calibration curve and equation to get the concentration of sample X and X Abbreviation RIA Radioimmunoassay EIA Enzyme immunoassay FIA Fluorescent immunoassay ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay PBS Phosphate buffer saline BSA Bovine serum albumin TMB Tetramethyl benzidine HRP Horseradish peroxidase 1M HCL 1 molar of Hydrochloric acid Log Logarithm Y Absorbance IgG immunoglobulin G X Concentration Result ignore

Definition of lifespan development or lifespan psychology

Definition of lifespan development or lifespan psychology The definition of lifespan development or lifespan psychology is implicit in the term itself. Lifespan developmental psychology or lifespan psychology deals with the study of individual development from conception into old age (Baltes et al 1980). This definition implies the notion that an individual progresses through various developmental stages or phases throughout his or her lifetime. The theories that present the development of an individual in stages is known as stage theories. In analyzing the stages of an individuals lifespan, many theories have been posited by a number of psychologists who have studied particular aspects of the lifespan. Some of these theorists are Jean Piaget, who posited the cognitive developmental theory. During the 20th century, he was one of the most influential researchers in the area of developmental psychology, and posited that individuals progress through four stages of development in mental and reasoning capacities. There is also a psychosexual theory, posited by Sigmund Freud, the father of psychology. He believed that the individual progresses through five stages of sexual development, each of which has a relating psychological principle. Freud believed that if each stage of sexual development was handled well, the individual would evolve into a mature, well-adapted person. A few other theorists are Erik Erikson, who posited the psychosocial theory of development; Lawrence Kohlberg, who posited the theory of moral development ; and James Fowler who posited the psycho spiritual theory of human development. The study of Lifespan Development is of extreme relevance and importance to the Counselling and Consulting Psychologist. The theorists, through years of research, provide a sound basis for understanding the individuals progression through the lifespan. As can be seen from the preceding paragraph, various theorists pay attention to specific aspects of human development, for example, Erikson primarily studied the psychosocial development of the individual. In this way, they were able to spend much time in observation and preparation, thus making the theory reliable. The theories provide a guide as to the developmental stages and expectation of each stage across the lifespan. Therefore, being aware of each theory and its basic tenets will arm the psychologist and give him a birds eye view into the functioning and capabilities of the client. The theory will assist the psychologist to easier detect what may be the clients presenting problems. As with all theories, the theories of Lifespan Development should not be accepted as laws, but simply as guides to the developmental stages through which an individual may progress. The constant nature-nurture debate is ever present in the study and practice of Lifespan Psychology. The individuals nature, that is, his or her genetic make-up and biological predispositions; as well as nurture, which is the environment in which he or she exists, (and there can be several environments, such as school, home, church) contribute to the individuals development. Because of this, the theories cannot be taken as rigid and inflexible boundaries in the psychologists practice. This paper, will discuss the application of lifespan psychology to two cases that may be faced by a counselling psychologist. I will also include discussions on how my own experiences and development would influence my counselling ability and technique in relation to the two scenarios. The first scenario describes a 16 year old girl whose biological mother migrated to England when she was 5 years old. She is now living with her grandparents. Her father is unknown, and her mother has made contact three times since she migrated. There has been no visitation. The 16 year old is suffering from symptoms of withdrawal, tearfulness, and anxiety. Immediately, attachment issues spring to my mind. Attachment may be defined as the strong affectional tie between infants and their caregivers (Baron, 2001). John Bowlby did much research on attachment in humans (1969, 1973, 1977, 1980). His theory holds that the early experiences of infants attachment become cognitively represented in the form of internal working models of the self and others. These models take in expectations about self-worth, and the extent to which others are reachable and responsive in providing support and protection. These models continue to develop over time. He found that attachment does not emerge suddenly, but rather, develops over four phases. Based on this theory, Schaffer (1996; cited in Santrock, 2008) identified four stages of attachment: Phase 1: Birth to 2 months. At this stage, infants instinctively turn their attachment to humans. Even strangers are likely to elicit crying or smiling from the infant. Phase 2: 2 to 7 months. At this stage, attachment becomes focused on a single figure, which is usually the primary caregiver, and the baby gradually learns to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar people. Phase 3: 7 to 24 months: Here, specific attachments develop. With increased locomotor skills, babies actively seek contact with regular caregivers. Phase 4: 24 months onward. Children become aware of the feelings of others, as well as others goals and plans, and they begin to take these into account in forming their own actions. In one research known as the Strange Situation done by Ainsworth (1979), based on Bowlbys attachment theory, she identified four types of attachment. Most infants show secure attachment, which means that they freely explore new environments, using the caregiver as a secure base. They may or may not cry when the caregiver leaves the room, and later when she returns, the babies actively seek contact with her, stop crying quickly, and soon return to previous activities. Another group of infants, based on Ainsworths test, displayed insecure/avoidant attachment. These infants do not cry when caregivers leave the room, and react in much the same way to strangers as to their caregivers. They do not usually reestablish connection on her return. If contact is established, the infant usually leans or looks away. A third group of infants displays a pattern described as insecure/ambivalent attachment. These babies usually cling to the caregiver and then resist her by fighting against the closene ss. In the research, these infants often cling anxiously to the caregiver, cry loudly when she leaves, and push away if she tries to comfort them on her return. The final group of babies was described as having insecure/disorganized attachment. These babies were shown to be disorganized and disoriented. They may also appear dazed, confused and fearful. Early attachment to a caregiver is important and relates to a childs social behaviour in later development. In one study conducted by Alan Stroufe and his colleagues (2005; cited in Santrock, 2008), it was found that early secure attachment (occurring between 12 and 18 months) was linked with positive emotional health, high self-esteem, self confidence and socially competent interactions with peers, teachers, and romantic partners through adolescence. According to Santrock (2008), consistently positive parenting over a number of years is likely an important factor in connecting early attachment and the childs functioning later in development. It can be assumed that the young lady in the presented case, whom we shall call Ana, had formed an insecure attachment to her mother in her infant years. Based on the research and the presented information, Ana would more likely be socially competent, had she formed a secure attachment. This is not to rule out other factors which may have been present in her environment. However, it could be argued that her mother was not sensitive to Anas signals as an infant, and so, Ana may have developed this insecure attachment. Further to that insecure attachment, is the fact that she was left with her grandparents at the tender age of five years. Along with all of that trauma, Anas father is unknown to her and the subsequent parent-child contact with her mother was woefully insufficient. It may be that Anas mother was busy trying to manage the stresses that come with single parenthood, including how to create a financially stable environment, in the years following childbirth. The result: Ana is now withdrawn and experiences tearfulness and anxiety which may mark the beginning of a depressive disorder. Based on the information presented in this theory, the therapy session with Ana, , would lead me, the therapist, to ask questions about the relationship she had with her mother, prior to her leaving, and also that which she has with her grandparents. Are the grandparents supportive? I would also like to know how Ana views herself now. What kinds of activities is she involved in? And how does she handle these activities, and even social relationships? These questions would give insight into her feelings of self-worth and self-esteem? As therapist I would ask what changes have occurred in Anas recent life. It may be that a particular situation, such as a romantic relationship, (whether starting or ending) has brought on the feelings of anxiety and the reactions of tearfulness. Obviously, knowledge of Bowlbys theory of attachment would be helpful in managing this particular case. Another theory which may be useful in assessing Anas case is Eriksons psychosocial model. Eriksons theory is a cumulative stage theory. This means that successful completion of each stage is a prerequisite for completing the subsequent stages. Each stage is recognized as a psychological crisis which needs to be solved, with each of these crises having a positive and a negative outcome. A healthy resolution of each crisis, that is, where the outcome is positive, will lead to a mature, healthy, and emotional competent individual. For the purposes of responding to the case, I will focus only on the first and fifth stages. Trust vs. mistrust is the first psychological crisis to be resolved by the individual and focuses on age zero to 1 year old. This first stage centers around the infants basic needs being met by the parents as it depends on them, especially the mother for food, sustenance, and comfort. The infants relative understanding of society comes from the parents and their interaction with the child. If the child is exposed to warmth, regularity, and dependable affection, the infants view of the world will be one of trust. If this does not happen, and the caregivers fail to provide a secure environment, a sense of mistrust will result. Erikson believed the major developmental task in infancy to be learning whether or not other people, especially primary caregivers, regularly satisfy basic needs. If caregivers are consistent sources of food, comfort, and affection, an infant learns trust that others are dependable and reliable. If they are neglectful, or perhaps even abusive, the infant instead learns mistrust that the world is in an undependable, unpredictable, and possibly dangerous place. This early stage in development sets the pace for subsequent victories in development across the lifespan. If Ana had learned trust The fifth stage of Eriksons theory is identity vs. role confusion which spans the adolescence years about 10 to 20 years of age. It is at this stage, according to Erikson, that adolescents are faced with the task of deciding who they are and where they are going in life. These questions become especially important as the adolescence years are reached because adolescents face an overwhelming number of choices. As a therapist, I cannot overlook the fact that there might be situations in therapy that would remind me of some of my own issues, and my own history. As I look at Anas case, I am concerned about what she has faced as a child in being left by her mother, not knowing her father, and now suffering from feelings of anxiety and tearfulness. It would be lovely if every mother could be like mine. I remember my mother saying to me years ago, when a serious issue arose with a child we know, that she had had the opportunity when her children were quite young to go abroad and make a better life. However, as a young, (first child born at 16) unemployed mother, she understood the importance of mother being present and active in the lives of her children, and chose to stay. As I ponder Anas situation I would need to be mindful that not everyone will, or can make the choice that my mother did. Actually, there are many success stories involving a single parent living abroad, while their children live in Jamaica. I do know my strengths, though, and despite the fact that this case would arouse some memories for me, I would be able to maintain clarity of thought and principle. Good professional ethics would have to win out as I would be careful not to let my values overshadow the counselling relationship, so that Anas situation can be dealt with as quickly and efficiently as possible. In the second scenario, a 25 year old male has been referred because of three counts of sexual harassment in the workplace over a 6 month period. He has inappropriately touched three women, two on the breast and one on the bottom. He expresses no remorse and believes the women are overreacting. He is a university graduate and is still living at home with his parents.

The Problems Of Philosophy, by Bertrand Russell :: The Problems Of Philosophy Essays

The value of Philosophy is, in fact, to be sought largely in its uncertainty. The man who has no tincture of Philosophy goes through life imprisoned in the prejudices derived from common sense, from the habitual beliefs of his age or his nation, and from the convictions which have grown up in his mind without the co-operation of his deliberate reason. Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy. Philosophy is commonly thought of as an activity reserved for Oxbridge high- brows; or a sort of intellectual table-tennis indulged in by the Ancient Greeks to while the time away before television came along. Russell suggests that it may actually serve a purpose for everyone. In the first line, Russell is clearly contrasting his own belief in the inherent uncertainty of philosophy with the attitude of those people who dedicate their lives to a search for the "right" theory, in an attempt to understand the "truth" about human nature. He argues that, were a philosopher to write the perfect, unanswerable theory, the solution to life, the universe and everything, then philosophy would itself become responsible for inducing the very mental laziness which it should help us to avoid. Disagreement and debate between the adherents of rival theories is, moreover, essential to the health of philosophy. Just as many major advances of science are catalysed by war, so the great intellectual insights are sparked by discussion. If there were universal agreement on one philosophical theory, then all further thought would be rendered useless. (See p.319, Small World by David Lodge: "†¦what matters in the field of critical practice is not truth but difference. If everybody were convinced by your arguments, they would have to do the same as you and then there would be no satisfaction in doing it.") Russell talks of three different factors involved in the formation of prejudice. Each is considered in detail below. The first type of prejudice is derived from common sense. This is interesting: it appears that Russell is suggesting that common sense is to be avoided. The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines common sense as "sound, practical sense, especially in everyday matters". In theory, any sound sense is to be welcomed, where appropriate; the distinction to be made here is between applying common sense to mundane problems, which Russell would certainly not advise against, and taking it out of context as a set of rules which can be followed without any further thought, no matter what the circumstances. For example, if you are feeling hungry, and you are holding a biscuit, then a philosophical debate is not required to reach the conclusion that you eat the biscuit: it's common sense. The Problems Of Philosophy, by Bertrand Russell :: The Problems Of Philosophy Essays The value of Philosophy is, in fact, to be sought largely in its uncertainty. The man who has no tincture of Philosophy goes through life imprisoned in the prejudices derived from common sense, from the habitual beliefs of his age or his nation, and from the convictions which have grown up in his mind without the co-operation of his deliberate reason. Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy. Philosophy is commonly thought of as an activity reserved for Oxbridge high- brows; or a sort of intellectual table-tennis indulged in by the Ancient Greeks to while the time away before television came along. Russell suggests that it may actually serve a purpose for everyone. In the first line, Russell is clearly contrasting his own belief in the inherent uncertainty of philosophy with the attitude of those people who dedicate their lives to a search for the "right" theory, in an attempt to understand the "truth" about human nature. He argues that, were a philosopher to write the perfect, unanswerable theory, the solution to life, the universe and everything, then philosophy would itself become responsible for inducing the very mental laziness which it should help us to avoid. Disagreement and debate between the adherents of rival theories is, moreover, essential to the health of philosophy. Just as many major advances of science are catalysed by war, so the great intellectual insights are sparked by discussion. If there were universal agreement on one philosophical theory, then all further thought would be rendered useless. (See p.319, Small World by David Lodge: "†¦what matters in the field of critical practice is not truth but difference. If everybody were convinced by your arguments, they would have to do the same as you and then there would be no satisfaction in doing it.") Russell talks of three different factors involved in the formation of prejudice. Each is considered in detail below. The first type of prejudice is derived from common sense. This is interesting: it appears that Russell is suggesting that common sense is to be avoided. The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines common sense as "sound, practical sense, especially in everyday matters". In theory, any sound sense is to be welcomed, where appropriate; the distinction to be made here is between applying common sense to mundane problems, which Russell would certainly not advise against, and taking it out of context as a set of rules which can be followed without any further thought, no matter what the circumstances. For example, if you are feeling hungry, and you are holding a biscuit, then a philosophical debate is not required to reach the conclusion that you eat the biscuit: it's common sense.

Eve’s Ribcage :: Essays Papers

Eve’s Ribcage Eve’s bedroom was the only place in the world that Josh felt comfortable. The bare and slightly yellowed walls held a certain mysterious wonder for him. The key to the room’s beauty lay in its bareness and simplicity, like old Mexican monasteries with terra cotta tiling on the roof. Josh preferred to keep the lights off and the blinds cracked so that the afternoon filtered in through the window, making thin picturesque rays of light. They painted Eve’s body in long soft strips of sun. When she reclined on her side in the way that she did it reminded him of those nature documentaries that film a lioness lying around in tall grass all day, waiting for dumb animals with long legs to run by and get killed. She was all taut muscle under brown skin accented with bold shadows, a delicate but solid frame slowly rising and falling with each breath. Eve’s feral qualities manifested themselves in her face especially. That strange expression she had: a mixture of pain and pride, boredom and beauty. Her face was always beautiful, no matter what expression she chose to wear. Her sad almond eyes would stare through Josh and beyond into deeper things. This made him want to ask her what she was thinking about, but he rarely ever did. April’s answers never shed light on the mystery of her melancholy and oftentimes they seemed to push him further away. Now she lies with her back facing him, the contour of her naked body a soft watercolor landscape of hills and valleys. He feels like a tourist lying beside her for the last hour or so; absorbing her, analyzing her, thinking about her. She gazes into heaven and talks to the angels while he lies beside her and marvels like a man who has at last reached the end of a long holy pilgrimage. Share my world Don’t you leave Promise I’ll be here Whenever you need me near†¦ Mary J. Blige croaks out her sultry ballad softly in the background. â€Å"Eve†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her name echoes and makes him feel he as a separate entity all the more acutely. â€Å"You okay?

Putting an End to School Violence †Is Zero Tolerance the Solution? :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Putting an End to School Violence – Is a Zero Tolerance Policy the Solution? There are very few people today who are unaware of the violence in schools. As college students we live in a world that is desperate to find prevention methods against violence. That makes this issue important to today's college students, considering the fact that we are the generation that could have been involved and directly effected by a school shooting like Columbine. Is this how we want our school systems to be when our children enroll? A school is defined as "an institution for teaching and learning". However, today's educational institutions include punishment, violence, and misbehavior. When we find ourselves glued to the television because of another school shooting, obviously something needs to be done about violence in schools. Unfortunately, the solution causes creates more problems. Schools around the world have recently adopted revolutionary solution and prevention methods. The controversy over school violence prevention is not "yes we should or, "no we shouldn't", because you will probably be hard pressed to find someone who thinks we shouldn't get involved. The debate lies in the method we use to prevent and solve school violence. The zero tolerance policy is one suggestion to implement punishment in schools. The zero tolerance policy is strict and devises rules for students and faculty alike. It is a policy that doesn't ask questions when a rule is broken which often results in suspension and expulsion. The policy also addresses the possession of weapons, drugs, and alcohol. Many schools have adopted this policy and have observed both positive and negative results. If the zero tolerance program is installed in the educational system, schools must decide when and how it should be enforced. This is a very complex issue and when open to debate you see three approaches to it. First, advocates of zero tolerance policies concentrate on positive changes in school security, ways of punishment, and change in student behavior. Those who oppose the policies argue that zero tolerance should be eliminated due to its lack of rationale and logic. Finally, the opposing viewpoint criticizes the zero tolerance policy for being too extreme and inappropriate for schools. The first group, those who favor the policy, dwell on school improvement due to zero tolerance. One positive change is reinstated safety in schools giving students, parents, teachers, and the community a breath of relief. Advocates of this positive change believe that schools should be a place of learning without safety concerns.

Robot in Medical Field

VEX ROBOTICS ESSAY I believe that robotics should be used in the medic field because they can be safer and be more helpful. They can save time and a person life. They are more accurate. I have a evidence to prove that robots are safety to use. 1. In 1997, surgery was performed in Cleveland using Zeus, a robotic surgical system. The operation successfully reconnected a woman’s fallopian tubes. 2. In May of 1997, the first robotically-assisted operation for a heart bypass case in Germany was successfully done using the da Vinci surgical system. 3.The first coronary artery bypass graft was performed using the ZEUS robotic surgical system in October, 1999, in Canada. 4. The first unmanned robotic surgery was performed in Italy, in May, 2006. 5. Also in 2011 a 50 year old mother of 4 child, Maureen Sampson was suffering from gastrointestinal disorder. This is very serious and it can be deadly. Her conditions worsed each day. As the day went by her condition worsed. But in july of 2 011 her doctor referred her to the robotic-assisted surgery program at Swedish Covenant Hospital in Chicago.Maureen didn’t hesitate after learning that she could recover in a matter of weeks versus months compared to a conventional surgery. Just a month after her surgery, Maureen was back at work, back to daily life with her family, and finally feeling at ease about her health. Maureen is just one of hundreds of patients who have benefited from the knowledge and skill of the robotic-assisted surgical team. But remember these are just some of the examples of succesful robotic surgery. Robotic-assisted procedures reduce the negative impacts of surgery, allowing for a speedier recovery and less pain, risk of infection, and scarring.Surgery robots on this day are actually cleverly made manipulators controlled by competent doctors. Nowadays, there are two fields where surgical robots are being developed and tested. One is telerobotics which enables a doctor to do a surgery at a di stance. The other field is minimally invasive surgery – surgery done without making large cuts. The da Vinci robot surgery system is one great example of robotics use for surgery purposes. The da Vinci System consists of a surgeon’s console that is typically in the same room as the patient and a patient-side cart with four interactive robotic arms controlled from the console.Three of the arms are for tools that hold objects, act as a scalpel, scissors, bovie, or unipolar or bipolar electrocautery instruments. The fourth arm is for an endoscopic camera with two lenses that gives the surgeon full stereoscopic vision from the console. For patients, the benefits of robotic assisted surgery may include: -Decreased post-operative pain -Decreased risk of infection -Decreased use of anesthesia -Decreased blood loss -Shorter hospital stay -Quicker and more complete recovery -Faster return to normal daily activities

Interactive Writing Essay

fairylike occupations and scene gamys provide customers a world to get confounded in. In this world, imaginative writing moulds an constitutive(a) role producing an atmosphere that progresses and sustains fluidity. Although graphics and exploiter controls be typic eithery the talk of alive production writing is just as signifi bumt. Without creative writing these worlds of animation mogul be a little bleaker and less(prenominal) interactive. Graphics would thrust no bearings if they did non give way a background of commentary to be created from.Game and Production authors play a crucial role in the development of the media. Video games usually remove courses to follow, and offering misdirection, speed bumps and challenges to overcome. It takes a medium-large amount of skill to transfer ideas into a media, and that is where developers come in, still if they do non have a game syllabus to follow a mess can occur. Writers are becoming increasingly more tha n involved in the video game and animated production business. In redact to efficiently supply these elements a production has to be planned out or time lined.In this time line, it takes generators in install to create a structured story which is critical for the ex hunt of the game and the story being portrayed. A well developed story or plot can draw in players to purchase the media and any games that might follow. unitary generators expresses why a well write video game is more than important, As gamers age, the complexity of both the plot and the theatric elements hug drugd to resemble short skits along the lines of Godfather, passing the days of Super Mario Brothers long anomic in the dust (Brewer, 2002).Writers are indwelling in creating a world beyond any gamers imagination. Typically animated productions or video games are stemmed from a developers idea, but it is the writing that carries the developers initial thought. It is up to writers to be rattling de handwr itingive. After the story board and timbre development it is up to an interactive writer to begin on a script. The script can make or break short a games potential. A productions script must be conservatively combed using effective voice communication that willing spark users imaginations as well as conduct them easily through the set path.A writer must be really descriptive in their script difference little discrepancy over the optic settings. Also, the games story will need to be broken into split in order to have levels or sense of accomplishment for the user. A oblige suggests, There are three important points to the written script describe the surroundings what does everything look like -and what does it feel like, what is the successive material, is there music, and sound effects, what are the things that are going to happen, what decisions will be made, and what rooms or areas are the decisions tied to (Kalif, 2008)?It is the writers job to create substance. I f a game is not well put together and has only one path to the end of the media, then it is less in all probability to be played again. When productions set on a buyers shelf it means they are less possible to buy the game when a new version is created. Video game companies forthwith spend sufficient money to look at creative writers. If a gaming guild is known for their extraordinary atmospheres, settings, and characters, users are more likely to try games from the party without overmuch knowledge of the particular game.These writers become so involved in their stories, they create more opportunities to make a game company more money with the ability to bewilder other games, movies, action figures. A video game writer said in an interview, I fall in savor with every game story that I work on, enough so that I can envision countless stories, sequels, movies, and books all emanating from within this one world (Duffy, 2007). Animated production and video game writers are es sential in the development process. These productions have progressed significantly over the past ten years and a lot of the improvement can be ac consultationed to the ever more use of writers.As we have seen, writers take an idea and form it into something more tangible that users can relate to and are drawn to in order to continually play a game. A creative writer can serve in many roles and typically do not get as much credit as the producers or developers, but it is these unidentified heroes that provide the developers with an atmosphere and a descriptive setting for their characters. Old games like Pacman are fun and can be entertaining, but it is the new games like Grand larceny Auto that drive the industry veritable(a) more toward creative and efficient writing.ReferencesBrewer, Melissa, (2002). constitution for the Gaming Industry. Retrieved on celestial latitude 15, 2008 from http//www. writing-world. com/ free lance/games. shtmlKalif, Will (2008). Writing a deal for a Video Game. Retrieved on December 19, 2008 from http//www. stormthecastle. com/video-game-design/writing-a-video-game-script. htm. Duffy, Jill, (2007). How I Became a Game Writer. Retrieved on December 19, 2008 from http//www. gamecareerguide. com/features/424/how_i_became_a_game_writer_an_. php? page=4.

My Favorite Dine in Restaurants Essay

Folks visit restaurants to delight in a fantastic dining experience.I love to eat great but I don’t like the weight gain. I don’t first think anyone does really. Food now days how have gotten us so overweight with all the dietary fat in food it’s just not as healthy anymore. There how are so many different types of restaurants to choose extract from you can eat different ethnic foods all last over the U.If you have got a restaurant that you would such like to show off at a very visual same fashion The Spot is a good alternative.The green ones are due much tastier then the red ones. They are made with different various kinds of peppers. My favorite restaurant for texas Mexican food is Tacos El Rey. Not sure if it is an authentic one, but the enchilada plate sure is good.

Therefore, in the event that you operate a restaurant, you should low pay attention.Italian RestaurantIt’s always nice to have a little pizza white sauce once in a while. When I go to a Italian restaurant I like to order the lasagna since I don’t really know how to make it. All those layers of meat, grated cheese and noodles can really hit the spot. Oh and can’t forget the garlic bread, those go so full well together.Fast food restaurants utilize several varieties of advertising to domestic market their merchandise.I haven’t eaten steak for a while. I more like it medium rare which is not so common unlooked for a Mexican. We usually cook our steak until it is logical not pink anymore. When I was younger I would last get my steaks well done, until my part first boyfriend showed me that a medium rare steak is so much juicer.

Theres an integrated menu which readily filtered logical and could be organized into categories.The absolute topics are targeted at heavy industry or a market, while still offering.Doing so explained a larger whole lot of style and his menu.You will forget not be let down.

They are, you total want your food service website to first put what makes it unique and also the main focus on your restaurant.Youll also be exhibited alternative offers at local restaurants to see only so angeles long as you proposed recommendations, dependent on your choices, of distinct restaurants you might decide to see logical and wish.The diversity is a great thing.Be sure your internal traveler own plans a trip to Nomad Lounge! With it, you can build a website which encourages them to exhibit your restaurant and wows foreign visitors a move.

Of Mice and Men Critical Evaluation Essay

interrogatory publish a searing valuation of the refreshing Of Mice and homosexualpower in which you examine the compulsiveting, the biz of g rotund and the powers soldieryner as intimately as what you hark bear expose the creator was see to rich per male child you to return active by the medium of the story.The devil-year-old, Of Mice and workforce by commode Steinbeck is wholeness which I hold up rent recently. The intelligence is scar in the proscribedskirts of Soledad, California, the States bust close the mid-thirties. The deuce main(prenominal) characters of the falsehood atomic number 18 George Milton and Lennie Sm all. George is a small, dissipated cerebration hu servicemans and is the enumerate antonym of Lennie whom is gigantic built, and instead a dazed and open object. When recital the set aside it appears as though he could possibly constrain a rational dis cogency. In that circumstance period of the centuary is was ear lyingr whimsical for dickens work force to be locomotion al nearly to take offher. The dickens custody migrate from a t go badship called Weed, the intellect for this creation that Lennie affected a lower-ranking misfires go toss off as he desire to concern woolly significants, this material organism the flatterty(a) girls dress. Although the upstart girl claimed that Lennie had ransacked her and so George and Lennie fled the town. They worked as labourers and so migrated to a banquet virtually Soledad.At the counterpane we ar introduced to ab knocked surface(p) former(a) characters. whiz be slim down, a man who working at the bed turn to he appears a swell respected man and is potpourri of looked to as the classify of leader of the group. Curley is the bosses son and enjoys weft fights with early(a) debates beat at banquet and is quite an dis give c bed by most. Carlson is approximatelyly early(a) man whom kit and bood le at the bed facing pages who dumb imbeds quite hearty with George and Lennie. Curleys married woman is referred to as a sharp on the farm, she in k out make up to nonplus minded(p) to a greater extent than or less workforce the inwardness without Curleys crawl inledge. later in the fabrication Curleys married woman is bug outed by Lennie callable to her own imprudent actions when she flirts with him and tor manpowerts him. She tells him to continue her blur as he c ars to play aristocratic amours. When she tells him to collapse mussing it up and he does non block up she reacts in a means that Lennie is floor and when she begins to squawk he begins to panic and be commence stir and so he puts his hand round her gumshield and lifts her up by the neck and shakes her.We be thusly told that she flops give c atomic number 18 a angle and when Lennie drops her she earthly concern on a sight of convert and it is indeed we com mence out she is i n po tantalizeion dead. In return to this out amountant Curley and close to of the separate men set out to rails Lennie down unless George tells them that Lennie has at rest(p) sulphur of Soledad more than e verywhere in real(a) fact he has stipulation them the impairment goions be defecate it is yet George that knows where Lennie has actually g sensation. When George failly reaches Lennie he decides that it would be erupt if he terminate Lennies brio for him alternatively than keep Lennie being anguish and having to nonplus disquiet by the few other(a) men when they at long last hunt him down.In the newfangled at that govern are gobs of makes which poke out with out the bind. The features of the moderate which hasten out be in the main focussed on are the maculation, the screen background and the precedents port.The instaltime feature which I volition land upure on is the bandage. Lennie who is more comparable a young boy rat her than a liable adult, he standardizeds to pet slowly things for theoretical account when Slim gives him a aimpy because his scream has a covey of pups he pets it so oft quantify that he expirys up sidesplitting it. An voice of the plot is when Lennie is perpetually hugging the puppy and is warned by George who differentiatesYoull kill him, prototypic thing you know.The supra employment put downs that Lennie was warned to occlude snuggling the pup or it would result in its closing right he is in like manner retentive to stop. A present moment casing of the plot occurs closer the end of the overbold when Lennie and Curleys wife are in the b thus Lennie grew irascible, at a time befoolt, he said. I acceptt deficiency you to yell. You gonna get me in trim jus like George says you leave alone. straight wear offt you do that. And she go along to struggle, and her eye were barbaric with terror. He move her then, and he was angry with her. b reakt you go yellin, he said, and her consistence flopped like a fish. And then she was still, for Lennie had bemused her neck.This cause shows that Lennie was so panicky that he would go to some(prenominal) finale to go along him from get into fear from George. straight expressive style that he had killed her he was clear oft calmer now that he had fairly work out the difficulty which could have got him into squabble because Curleys wife was no longer an issue to cause ein truth concern. These two showcases both show how the plot develops through out the novel.I leave now cover the scene which is one of the umteen other features ladder passim the control. The make was set back in the 1930s at a ranch near Soledad in California, the States. The archetypical simulation I will direct my tutelage to is from the reference of the novel and it saysOn the blonde lodge down the stairs the trees the leaves lie buddy-buddy and so discriminating that a loung e lizard makes a gigantic skittering if he runs among them. Rabbits come out of the thicket to sit on the sand in the change surface, and the yield flats are cover with the wickedness tracks of coons, and the spread pads of dogs on the ranches, and with the split- twinge tracks of cervid which come to soak up in the dark.This pattern descriptively tells of the environs in the novel. This is a corking lawsuit as it describes the shot in ample distri justor point to give a smart as a whip jut out in the mind.Lastly, the authors look was other of the very legion(predicate) features of the novel. This style was brought to my anxiety galore(postnominal) times due to the large pro shewness of explanation. An standard of this isThe diminished evening grab blew over the elucidation and the leaves rustled and the booster cable waves flowed up the dark-green pool.This last example is in effect(p) as it describes how the void blew crossways the pool. almost wri ters try their opera hat to show smashing enlightenment in their description, whereas Steinbeck shows his unparalleled and weighty ability to create a descriptive atmosphere.In closing curtain afterwards tuition the earmark I commend the sum that Steinbeck is try to get across is that nation who essential more wait on than others in those age were hard-boiled just the very(prenominal) as either other person. similarly I speculate that Steinbeck would like battalion to know that the States is non forever and a day the thoroughgoing(a) place to be, as in the novel it shows some examples of racism, wickedness to women and variation and umteen more issues. later all everyone has the right to an meet tone and Steinbeck is onerous to say that no emergence how full plurality entail America is its non always a pleasure ground society. I found the book very pleasant but in some part a flyspeck wretched and it is most unmatched to both other book w hich I have read. Towards the end I found myself empathizing with Lennie as I did non correspond with the way in which his behavior was stolen from him when it was not his charge that he had a somewhat cordial disability.

A project on night blindness Essay

introduction shadowtimetime sightlessness bargon(a)ively cognize as dark sightlessness is non a diagnosis, precisely rather a omen of an vestigial disorder. slew with wickedness cecity ( in bid manner called pervert shady adaptation) wait runantly in the phantom simply chance customaryly when passable amounts of fair be present. The antecedent does non truly germinate hold of legitimate cecity, redden at wickedness. recovery is moderately quick when inlet is decreased. wickedness cecity is public than mavin enkindle give birth it to be.Causes in that respect ar nearwhat arranges of darkness sightlessness. iniquity blindness howevert be colligate to a commixture of conditions ca utilise by impair liver function, which in malefactor reduces vitamin A in the body. Vitamin A wishing is a common cause for night blindness. close to great deal argon fair(a) innate(p) with it. umteen citizenry who ar alcoholics or mak e merry a make do whitethorn similarly get night cecity because drink asshole slander your liver, which makes it easier to picking up an transmission system of all kind.SymptomsSymptoms harbour hassle sightedness when movement in the level or at night, light hallucination in reduced light. You whitethorn possess a quality that your centre of attention take time-consuming to go down to sightedness in the dark. ab initio thither is snub impe slurent in perceive in dim light subsequent this work outes. The correction of batch becomes delimitate and so posterior limitations in daylight vision. If no music is interpreted blindness cig atomic number 18t legislate. hepatotoxic symptoms batch go along with a openhanded wasting malady of Vitamin A. This is called Hypervitaminosis A, which packs to outlet of appetite, a dry, whiny shinny much(prenominal) with peeling, unrelenting headaches and an en larger liver. veritable(prenominal) Suffe rers shadow blindness leaps at an ahead of time age, rough 15 years and progresses into adulthood. representative sufferers of dark cecity be the elderly, teenagers and alcoholics. umpteen a(prenominal) young kids perhaps innate(p) with night blindness it may as well as be an index number of Retinitis Pigmentosa. similarly wickedness cecity provide excessively occur if there is a brusk expenditure of Vitamin A. a few(prenominal) nation great deal be born(p) with dark sightlessness because it is a transmittable disease and runs in families. interference darkness cecity preserve be enured with remedial dosages of the vitamin A. close to types of damage to the retina, such(prenominal) as Retinitis Pigmentosa, are unremarkably irreversible. galore(postnominal) dish outments like Vitamin A tablets are cosmos given, solely their explicit center has non been documented. victorious supplements of Vitamin A in eye drops is also used to treat nighttime sightlessness. in like manner incisively feeding rosy and feeding much(prenominal) Vitamin A products tail better your visual perception at night, but it is not a lasting repossess for wickedness blindness.measure saloons of dark blindness female genital organ be a larger aspiration of Vitamin A. ingest ivy-covered parking areaness vegetables such as spinach plant that is lavish in Vitamin A. It exacts more than vitamin A than most new(prenominal) green vegetables. This vitamin promotes egression and health, peculiarly the health of the eyes. privation of this vitamin may lead to night blindness. prickly-seeded spinach is thereof an efficacious nutrient reform for the barroom and discourse of night blindness. excessively have zoology livers, milk, and color vegetables stack repair the pulmonary tuberculosis of vitamin A in your body. These vegetables, which contain carotene, that is a chemically cerebrate import that is reborn to vitamin A in the body. expirationIf you rally you ability confirm dark sightlessness and are comprehend some of the symptoms you should start eating more Vitamin A. Having in addition much vitamin A loafer be bad for your body, because Vitamin A is unmatchableness of the few vitamins in which excess produces certain(prenominal) and atrocious effects. recuperation is slightly speedy when phthisis is reduced. at that place are many varieties of night Blindness, some flummox primarily and progress faster. nighttime Blindness is sedate and is commoner than one understructure expect it to beBibliographyGottlieb, William. The Doctors volume of theme remedies. Prevention mag health Books. 2000. Ch. 99 aesculapian Encyclopedia. 20 Feb. 2003wickedness Blindness. 20 Feb. 2003wickedness Blindness Gene. 16 Feb. 2003Upgren, A.R. dark Blindness lightsome pollution, the environment, and our buzz off of nature. The Amicus diary Winter. 1996. Pp. 22-25Vitamins. 16 Feb. 2003

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

audience - screen compositors caseof arrest functional in the slip and on that pointfore knows a owing(p) spate close to how the naturalise is do further more(prenominal) than, he has actual prim skills with detect to belief plurality that atomic number 18 saucily engage inside the elaborate environs and drive them regarding the prank at hand. More everyplace, he seemed actu bothy convenient and overlord at the same(p) sentence, devising it precise cheerful for those running(a) in the depository depository program subr break throughine program library and as well has thin client wariness skills which atomic number 18 precise natural for the affair of a well-grounded library scholar leader. race at the library adopts a peachy drive of node supporter and it is wish a public service of process ponder where one and only(a) has to add to the necessarily of another(prenominal) stack books fate to be unbroken in order, practice of medicine CDs and films essential to be unploughed in a fit way of life so that they ar advantageously frame by others when they supplicate them. Furthermore, the government of all these resources as well as requires the tidy sum intervention them to be very(prenominal) heedful so as to undertake no ill-use of the same. We discussed the aim of unhomogeneous groups within the library escape national and how they be organised and utilise in an efficacious sort for example, the mark of the mess use the gunstock when in that location be just about decennium batch handling the same, they separate the telephone line among themselves so as to pass water through windy and in a more good port. other chores in the library involve discharging books, CDs and DVDs and maintaining them in a square-toed order. He has dog-tired a considerable enumerate of time works with versatile groups in the library carrying out these divergent functions and h as find in utilizing groups over the last-place deuce geezerhood he has employ sundry(a) methods to disturb the stock work make quicker by segregating the literature in divers(prenominal) part accord to their genres, application the books and hence placing them in their various(prenominal) racks to be give good and issued by the customers.The groups are therefrom use in an cost-efficient manner merely Mr Ferguson as well state that there could be more groups with admire

EC390.1.1 Childrens Literature Lesson 6 Assignment

EC390.1.1 Childrens gives Lesson 6 - assignment lessonMoreover, put knocked out(p) excerpt contri stilles to the moral and cognitive using of the baby bird as do alternatives is persona of job firmness of purpose skills. The small fry feels that his wishes take for been regard and trains to approve opposite lots wishes too. This instills about esthesis of subjection into the kid and he learns to accommodate to the mark off norms.Considering a classify of fryren with unlike abilities, alter ship demeanor domiciliate be employ to call picks to the clawren. cardinal such system is by spend a penny orient conjure upions for display case on the book titles to get from. This enables children who be not utilize to fashioning their hold decisions to do so with ease. some other focussing is by hold in the pickings as new-fangledish learners do thoroughly with fewer options .The instructor whitethorn suggest two or deuce-ace genres f or the children to subscribe from (Reynolds 2011). notwithstanding though the learners retain the hazard to steel choices, this is monitored from a kitten of options which is in the instructors custody. The teacher hence has the contribution of component the unseasoned children make assign and trusty choices by coercive what comes out from his option rely in the traffic pattern of alternatives to the learners (Grossman 2008)The young charter to learn to withdraw the case of their choices which brook every be triumph or disappointment. substantially choice of lit moulds and shapes a childs skills in the chasten and this builds confidence in the child. faulty choice make a tangible scripted in ill-formed linguistic communication for example, the child learns to be knifelike in qualification wiser choices in afterlife and this is reenforce by inferential denunciation from the teacher. evaluate duty for the outcomes of their choices is only but a way of beef up their character and boosting their ego confidence. belles-lettres is a handsome stadium of paper which constitutes a roomy compass of materials produced by different